Venus
Goddess of Love

Venus was the Roman goddess of love and beauty, but originally a vegetation goddess and patroness of gardens and vineyards. Later, under Greek influence, she was equated with Aphrodite and assumed many of her aspects.
Her cult began in Ardea and Lavinium, Latium. On August 18, 293 BC, her oldest temple was built. August 18 was then a festival called the Vinalia Rustica.
The oldest temple known of Venus dates back to 293 BCE, and was inaugurated on August 18. Later, on this date the Vinalia Rustica was observed. A second festival, that of the Veneralia, was celebrated on April 1 in honor of Venus Verticordia, who later became the protector against vice. Her temple was built in 114 BCE.
After the Roman defeat near Lake Trasum in 215 BCE, a temple was built on the Capitol for Venus Erycina. This temple was officially opened on April 23, and a festival, the Vinalia Priora, was instituted to celebrate the occasion.
Venus is the daughter of Jupiter, and some of her lovers include Mars and Vulcan, modeled on the affairs of Aphrodite.
Venus' importance rose, and that of her cult, through the influence of several Roman political leaders.
The dictator Sulla made her his patroness, and both Julius Caesar and the emperor Augustus named her the ancestor of their (Julian) family: the 'gens Julia' was Aeneas, son of Venus and the mortal Anchises.
Julius Ceasar introduced the cult of Venus Genetrix, the goddess of motherhood and marriage, and built a temple for her in 46 BCE.
She was also honored in the temple of Mars Ultor.
The last great temple of Venus was built by the emperor Hadrianus near the Colusseum in 135 CE.
Julius Caesar introduced Venus Genetrix as a goddess of motherhood and domesticity.
Venus was often referred to with epithet Venus Erycina ("of the heather").
Venus became a popular subject of painting and sculpture during the Renaissance period in Europe. Roman statues and portraits of Venus are usually identical to the Greek representations of Aphrodite.
As a classical figure for whom nudity was her natural state, it was socially acceptable to depict her unclothed. As the goddess of sexual healing, a degree of erotic beauty in her presentation was justified, which had an obvious appeal to many artists and their patrons.
Over time, "Venus" came to refer to any artistic depiction of a nude woman, even when there was no indication that the subject was the goddess.